At some point, this stress can cause the rock to break or move. Learning earthquake tip 1 earthquake design and construction. Most earthquakes happen when parts of the earth move quickly. A volcano tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the movement of magma beneath the surface of the earth. Record your data and calculate the distance of the earthquakes from each city. They are caused when the earths tectonic plates move, rub, collide, or break apart. Earthquake epicenters occur mostly along tectonic plate boundaries, and especially on the pacific ring of fire. Search the comcat earthquake catalog, and choose kml for the output format. Department of geology, university of ghana, accra, ghana.
The basic idea behind plate tectonics is that there are eight major plates on the surface of the earth. The plate tectonics mapping activity allows students to. A fault is a weak point within a tectonic plate where. The assessment of earthquake risk constitutes the first step to support decisions and actions to reduce potential losses. A plate tectonic puzzle introduction the earths crust is not a solid shell. A pdf guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes is also available. Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes. The movement results in pressure changes where the rock around the magma has experienced stress. Here are a few nice usgs maps that might be useful.
Learn what you can do to prepare for an earthquake before, during, and after. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. Large earthquakes have occurred in the region in recent past, such as the mw7. Plate tectonics summary the earth is made up of 3 main layers core, mantle, crust on the surface of the earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe plates are made of crust and upper mantle lithosphere there are 2 types of plate there are 3 types of plate boundaries volcanoes and earthquakes are closely. There is an editable word powerpoint excel version and a pdf version of each file. This guide is an outline of the plate tectonic and earthquake seismology powerpoint presentations. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so. Part or all of this report is presented in portable document format pdf.
Earths major earthquakes occur mainly in belts coinciding with the margins of tectonic plates. We know that tectonic forces stress and strain deform or bend the rocks of the. One consequence of this convection is the fragmentation of the lithosphere into tectonic plates, and the slow movement of these plates relative to each other. The tectonic plates are always moving slowly 212 cmyear. This has long been apparent from early catalogs of felt earthquakes and is even more readily discernible in modern seismicity maps, which show instrumentally determined epicentres. The plate boundaries are made up of many faults, and most of the earthquakes around the world occur on these faults. Discuss with students that earthquakes are the result of tectonic movement and that one way the scientists know where tectonic plate boundaries are is from earthquake location data. They run up and down the plate in an area called a fault zone. Many people in the united states think of california when they think of faults. The earths plates jostle about in fits and starts that are punctuated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The routine earthquake processing at avo includes automatically creating individual data files for each earthquake, timing arrivals with an inhouse picking program, and locating the earthquakes with hypoellipse lahr, 1999 using a regional velocity model searcy, 2003. Earthquakes parts of the earth are always moving, usually so slowly that we do not feel anything.
Tectonic plates vdone california academy of sciences. Im standing here in the geology, gems, and minerals hall in front of the earthquakes and eruptions exhibit. Studies of earlier seismological records show that the largest recorded event in the region consists of a mw8. In reality, there are faults all over north america, not just in. Volcanic eruptions can release huge amounts of energy that can be felt as earthquakes. Plate tectonics describes the distribution and motion of the plates. However, this is a cover page and i want you to be creative and imaginative. Seismic and tectonic correspondence of major earthquake regions in southern ghana with midatlantic transformfracture zones jacob m. The length of the wiggle depends on the size of the fault, and the size of the wiggle depends on the amount of slip. Download file watch the above youtube about our earth and try to give me 5 pieces of information about the structure of our planet and the processes that go on inside it.
Plate tectonics and the distribution of earthquakes sample. The movement of earth s crust resulting from the release of built up potential energy between two stuck tectonic plates. Before an earthquake during an earthquake after an earthquake for more information on earthquake. Tectonic earthquake s are explained by the socalled elastic rebound theory, formulated by the american geologist harry fielding reid after the san andreas fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great san francisco earthquake. The longer the plates remain stuck, the more strain builds and the. When we say constantly moving, were talking centimeters each year. Explain, with reference to examples that you have studied, how the theory of plate tectonics helps to explain the distribution of earthquakes around the world 2012 q1 b.
Tectonic plates are constantly moving slowly, but sometimes friction between them causes them lock together and become unable to move. Plate tectonics and the distribution of earthquakes sample answer plate tectonics and the distribution of earthquakes sample answer q. I copied the maps onto transparencies and created a lab where students ultimately overlaid the transparencies to compare and contrast the locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate boundaries. This module is focused on assessing only earthquake shaking hazard and risk. The plate boundaries are made up of many faults, and most. The most important earthquake belt is the circumpacific belt. Tectonic processes and hazards overview tectonic hazards earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and secondary hazards such as tsunamis represent a significant risk in some parts of the world. Powerpoint click to download the ms powerpoint file 146 mbytes pdf click to view or download the presentation in pdf 5 mbytes ht ml cl ick to view the presentation in html format. A number of earthquakes also occur within the plate itself but away from the plate boundaries e.
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of. Educational publications selected publications about earthquakes in plain language. Aftershocks are the shocks that people feel for hours or even days after an earthquake. Introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes documents. Thats because areas with a lot of faults have a lot of earthquakes. They move atop the underlying mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. The movement of earths crust resulting from the release of built up potential energy between two stuck tectonic plates. Photos, videos, and podcasts selected lists of earthquake damage, faults, and effects photos, videos, and podcasts. Earthquake magnitude earthquake severity richter magnitude earthquake effects less than 3. The theory of plate tectonics grew out of earlier hypotheses and observations collected during exploration of the rocks of the ocean floor.
Try to place some named examples as accurately as you can. Global plate tectonic movement an earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the earth s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes 101 earthquakes can leave behind incredible. The rest of the plates carry on moving, which leads to. Types of earthquakes and faults most earthquakes in the world occur along the boundaries of the tectonic plates as described above and are called interplate earthquakes e. You will recall from a previous chapter that there are three. Tectonic earthquakes occur at plate tectonic boundaries.
The epicentre of an earthquake is the point on the surface of earth directly above the epicentre. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article. Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain. All earthquakes are located using the nad27 datum, and depths. Using the tectonic outline map, create a cover page with drawing of volcanoes and hazards. Earthquake earthquakes are sudden, violent shaking of the earths crust. Before an earthquake during an earthquake after an earthquake for more information on earthquake preparedness. Earthquakes and tectonic plates name date geology city time between p and s waves distance of earthquake from city time x 1500km sydney san francisco mumbai latitude longitude magnitude location59. Its like when youre teacher loses their marbles because youve asked them the same question 7 times in a row.
Earthquake summary posters for significant earthquakes. Seismic and tectonic correspondence of major earthquake. Faults and associated folds in the united states that are believed to be sources of m6 earthquakes during the quaternary the past 1,600,000 years. Earthquakes arent predictable, so the best practice is to always be prepared. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. The january 2006 volcanictectonic earthquake swarm at. The science behind earthquakes what is an earthquake. Locations of earthquakes and volcanoes show the plate boundaries and ocean floor features. Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how large pieces of the earths outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape. Preliminary earthquake hazard map of afghanistan usgs. The guide contains links to totle introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes teaching resources and a table of contents of teaching resources on this topic. Earthquakes may cause liquefaction, landslides, fire, and tsunami which would lead to far higher level of damage and losses.
Im liz cottrell, director of the global volcanism program at the national museum of natural history. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. The theory of plate tectonics states that the crust lithosphere is broken into. Video transcript plate tectonics volcanos with liz liz cottrell. It is possible to identify the following features from the map.
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